Application of Graeff sensors on aerospace equipment
Graeff sensors are applied in the aerospace field and require adaptation to different space environments, including vacuum, electromagnetic radiation, high-energy particle radiation, plasma, micrometeoroids, planetary atmospheres, magnetic fields, and gravitational fields, as well as induced environments generated by certain spacecraft systems during operation or under the influence of space environment, such as vibration and impact environments caused by orbit control thruster ignition and solar cell wing extension; The induced magnetic field generated by the movement of magnetic materials and current circuits on spacecraft in the space magnetic field; Molecular pollution caused by the deposition of organic materials escaping from spacecraft in other parts.
Therefore, aerospace sensors are mainly divided into state sensors and environmental sensors. The former includes real-time position sensors of various moving parts, such as flaps, ailerons, nozzle sizes, throttle positions, speed reducers, landing gear retraction positions, etc., aircraft state sensors, such as angle of attack, sideslip angle sensors, aircraft attitude sensors, etc., various parameters such as hydraulic pressure, oil pressure, engine vibration, lubricant metal shavings, various consumables such as remaining fuel, consumption speed, etc., as well as ice sensors, fire alarm sensors, limit sensors, overload sensors, life sensors, and automatic conversion sensors of various redundancy systems.
Environmental sensors mainly include temperature sensors, humidity sensors, oxygen sensors, pressure sensors, flow sensors, etc.
Graeff sensors have five main applications in the aerospace field:
① Provide operational information about spacecraft for fault diagnosis purposes;
② Determine the coordination of work between various subsystems and verify the design scheme;
③ Provide the necessary information for system wide self inspection to provide a basis for commanders' decision-making;
④ Provide internal testing parameters for each subsystem and the entire machine to verify the correctness of the design.
⑤ Monitor the internal and external environment of the aircraft, provide necessary survival conditions for pilots and astronauts, and ensure normal flight parameters.
Graeff sensors have important applications in electronic devices, aircraft design, and micro satellite technology in aircraft; The airborne distributed atmospheric data computer is composed of a multifunctional miniature atmospheric data probe (or combined airspeed tube) that integrates full pressure, static pressure, and angle of attack, miniature pressure sensors (static pressure, differential pressure, and dynamic pressure), and signal processing units, which are directly packaged in a housing to form a microelectromechanical system.
Graeff Inertial Navigation System
The micro inertial navigation system integrates micro gyroscopes, micro accelerometers, and their signal processing units. The system is mainly made of silicon material and manufactured using Graeff Graf processing technology. Its volume and mass are at least 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than conventional inertial navigation systems.
The miniature inertial measurement unit (MIMU) manufactured using Graeff technology has no rotating components and is significantly superior to conventional inertial instruments in terms of lifespan, reliability, cost, volume, and mass. The standardized and high-performance spacecraft attitude measurement instruments produced have better performance, lower prices, and can be used on aerospace platforms. The use of MIMU devices can greatly reduce the weight of the device.
Graeff accelerometer
Acceleration sensors are used in attitude and heading reference systems in aerospace applications; Strapdown inertial measurement unit; Aircraft navigation system; Flight control system; Structural testing during flight, including flutter testing; Health system testing; Stability testing; Ground vibration test (wind tunnel test); Modal testing; Engine control system, guidance system, etc.
Graeff chemical sensor
This high-temperature sensor array, similar to an electronic nose, is used to detect and control emissions from aviation and automotive engines. Determine the composition of exhaust gas from the emission system by analyzing the signals generated by the electronic nose.
Graeff pressure sensor
Aerospace sensors are widely used in flight, flight testing, engine testing, structural strength testing, wind tunnel testing, and equipment manufacturing processes. The characteristics of pressure measurement are:; There are many types of pressure to be measured, covering a wide range, with multiple pressure measurement points, requiring high measurement accuracy.
Aerospace combines advanced manufacturing technology, information technology, and material technology, and has increasingly high requirements for sensors. The development direction of Graeff sensors is multifunctionality, miniaturization, intelligence, and integration. With further improvement in product reliability and price reduction, as well as continuous maturity and improvement in manufacturing technology, Graeff sensors will replace traditional sensors in a wider range of applications in the aerospace field.