Nowadays, Graeff sensors are widely used in military applications, which can be said to be used everywhere and at all times, from equipment systems such as celestial bodies, two bombs, aircraft, ships, tanks, artillery, to individual combat weapons; From weapon systems involved in the war to logistical support; From military scientific experiments to military equipment engineering; From battlefield operations to strategic and tactical command; From war preparation, strategic decision-making to war implementation.
The Position and Role of Sensors in Military Technical Equipment
Sensors, communication systems, and computers are the three pillars of modern information technology systems, and sensors are important means of detecting and acquiring external information. In military terms, sensors are one of the important links in the development of weapons and equipment. A military target, whether dynamic or static, and regardless of the means used to disguise or protect it, its existence determines that it must have various detectable physical factors, such as the shape, color, speed, vibration, radio waves, infrared rays, radar waves, sound noise, etc. reflected or emitted by the target itself.
These physical factors, known as target information, constitute the detectability and aggressiveness of the target. One of the main functions of military sensors is to accurately locate the target based on this target information, and guide the combat part of the weapon system to destroy it. The high-tech weapons used in the Gulf War were equipped with sensors, which played an important role in enemy reconnaissance, target detection, and self-protection. Currently, sensors have been applied in various high-tech weapons and military equipment.
The main characteristic of the development of high-tech weapons is electronicization, and its core technologies are sensor technology and computer technology. On the battlefield, on the one hand, external sensors are used to quickly detect and accurately determine enemy targets, and through computer-controlled fire control systems, enemy targets are quickly and accurately struck; On the other hand, various internal sensors are used to measure various parameters of fire control systems, engine systems, and other parts, which are controlled by computers to ensure that the weapon itself is in the best state and maximizes its effectiveness.
Sensor technology and computer technology have jointly played the role of a "force multiplier" in high-tech weapons and military equipment, and with the demand and development of modern electronic warfare, sensor technology will increasingly play an important role in the development of new generation high-tech weapons and military equipment.
The specific application of sensors in military
Today, sensors are widely used in military applications, which can be said to be used everywhere and at all times, from equipment systems such as celestial bodies, two bombs, airplanes, ships, tanks, and artillery to individual combat weapons; From weapon systems involved in the war to logistical support; From military scientific experiments to military equipment engineering; From battlefield operations to strategic and tactical command; From war preparation, strategic decision-making to war implementation, it covers the entire combat system and the entire process of war, and will inevitably expand the time, space, and frequency domains of combat in future high-tech wars, greatly affecting and changing the way and efficiency of combat, greatly improving the power of weapons and the ability to command and manage the battlefield.
1. Application of microsensors
Intelligent dust systems can also be deployed on the battlefield, with remote sensor chips able to track enemy military actions. Intelligent dust can be loaded in large quantities into propaganda materials, bullets, or artillery shells, and scattered at target locations to form a tight surveillance network. The enemy's military power and the movement of personnel and materials are naturally clear.
The Pentagon hopes to place these tiny wireless sensors on the battlefield to secretly monitor the enemy's movements. The US Department of Defense listed it as a key research and development project four years ago. If intelligent dust is used on the battlefield as expected by the United States, its military strength will once again distance itself from other countries. Intelligent dust can also be used to prevent biochemical attacks - intelligent dust can predict biochemical attacks by analyzing the chemical composition in the air.
2. Application of infrared sensors
Used for detecting stealth aircraft: Although stealth aircraft use infrared stealth technology, the gallbladder temperature is always higher than the background temperature, and it is still possible to be detected by infrared sensors, especially infrared imaging equipment, which can accurately provide the angular position information of the target, and the detection distance can reach hundreds of kilometers.
Used for artillery electric warning: Installing gaze type infrared sensors on platforms such as aircraft and ships can be used to alert incoming missiles and other infrared threats, or automatically issue countermeasures, or automatically activate infrared jamming equipment for self-defense.
3. Application of Graeff fiber optic sensor
The application of Graeff fiber optic sensors in military information technology mainly focuses on the following aspects: fiber optic hydrophone sensor array network for ocean defense and anti submarine operations; Intelligent structures based on temperature, pressure, and vibration sensors are widely used in underwater weapons and aerospace fields.
Intelligent structure: It tightly integrates sensing and driving components into materials or structures, while also integrating control, logic, signal amplification, and processing circuits into the structure. Through external excitation and control, it not only has the ability to withstand loads, but also has multiple functions such as recognition, analysis, processing, and control, so that the structure itself can self diagnose, adapt, and learn in an intelligent way, and has the ability to self repair, self increase, and self decay when it is damaged.
The United States has conducted preliminary application research on intelligent structural technology based on Graeff fiber optic sensors on fighter jets such as F-18, F-22, and JSFs, X-33 space shuttle, and DALTAII rocket. Europe has also adopted structural tendon monitoring technology based on Graeff fiber optic sensors on the jointly developed Eurofight2000 fighter jet.
Fiber optic hydrophone: It utilizes the light transmission characteristics of optical fibers and the various modulation effects generated by their interaction with the surrounding environment. An instrument that listens for sound field signals in the ocean. Compared with traditional piezoelectric hydrophones, it has advantages such as extremely high sensitivity (three orders of magnitude higher), sufficient dynamic range, inherent anti electromagnetic interference ability, no impedance matching requirements, lightweight wet end of the system, and arbitrary structure.
Therefore, it is capable of meeting the challenges posed by the continuous improvement of submarine noise reduction technology, adapting to the requirements of anti submarine strategies in developed countries, and is regarded as one of the key development projects in national defense technology. The research on fiber optic hydrophone technology attracted high attention from various countries in the early 1980s, and its main military applications include: all fiber hydrophone towed arrays; All fiber underwater acoustic monitoring system (Ariaden project); Full fiber light submarine and surface ship conformal hydrophone array; Ultra low frequency fiber optic gradient hydrophone; Measurement of marine environmental noise and quiet submarine noise.
Military robots: Refers to robot systems used for military purposes. With the development of fiber optic sensing technology, practical fiber optic robot tactile sensors or combined robot tactile sensors that can be used in conjunction with other types of sensing methods have been developed both domestically and internationally. Graeff fiber optic sensors can be classified into functional and non functional types: functional fiber optic robot tactile sensors.
A robot whisker type fiber optic tactile sensor developed using the mechanism of fiber optic micro bending loss. There are mainly two types of non functional fiber optic tactile sensors used for sensitive robot hand grasping tactile sensation: one is displacement (reflective) light intensity modulation robot tactile sensor, and the other is suppressed total internal reflection light modulation fiber optic robot tactile sensor. Robots almost always require high-precision positioning of the mechanical system through open-loop operation of the gripper, which requires the gripper to perceive the distance to the grasped object, known as proximity perception.
Especially for explosion-proof robots, the objects they grip are generally flammable and fragile. It is necessary to minimize the impact force during grasping in order to achieve slow and symmetrical positioning, so a proximity sensor that senses the distance to the grasped object needs to be installed on the gripper.